
Some composers prefer terms from their own language rather than the standard terms listed here. The list can never be complete: some terms are common, and others are used only occasionally, and new ones are coined from time to time. Unless specified, the terms are Italian or English. Most of the other terms are taken from French and German, indicated by Fr. Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases differ from the original or current Italian meanings. Most of the terms are Italian, in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical conventions.


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